tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-89160081869345260682024-02-09T00:31:15.212+07:00Pelajar Ya Belajar !!Ayo, belajar !!
Masa depan menanti kita.
Masa depan menantang kita.
^.^Yetti Aneu's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15171009137849776587noreply@blogger.comBlogger7125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8916008186934526068.post-33391546343181036862011-04-30T23:26:00.002+07:002011-04-30T23:30:13.956+07:00Pernafasan Perut dan Dada<b>Pernafasan Dada</b> <br />
Pernafasan yang melibatkan otot intercostal atau otot antartulang rusuk dengan rongga dada.<br />
Fase Inspirasi :<br />
Otot intercostal berkontraksi >> Tulang rusuk terangkat >> Rongga dada membesar >> Volume membesar >> Tekanan udara mengecil >> Udara masuk<br />
Fase Ekspirasi<br />
Otot intercostal berrelaksasi >> Tulang rusuk turun >> Rongga dada mengecil >> Volume mengecil >> Tekanan udara membesar >> Udara keluar<br />
<br />
<b>Pernafasan Perut</b><br />
Pernafasan yang melibatkan otot-otot diafragma yang membatasi rongga perut dan rongga dada<br />
Fase Inspirasi:<br />
Otot Diafragma berkontraksi >> Otot perut berrelaksasi >> Otot dia fragma mendatar >> Menekan rongga perut ke bawah sekitar 5 cm >> Rongga dada membesar >> tekanan mengecil >> udara masuk.<br />
Fase ekspirasi:<br />
Otot Diafragma berrelaksasi >> Otot perut berkontraksi >> Organ perut menekan otot difragma >> Rongga dada mengecil >> tekanan membesar >> udara keluar.Yetti Aneu's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15171009137849776587noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8916008186934526068.post-85050909680072982152011-04-30T23:01:00.002+07:002011-04-30T23:33:12.474+07:00Pengertian, Tahap, Alat Pernafasan<b>1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Pengertian Pernafasan</b><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Pernafasan adalah proses pengambilan O<sub>2 </sub> dan pengeluaran CO<sub>2 </sub>antara lingkungan dan paru-paru</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Pernafasan antara organisme dan lingkungan tanpa melalui perantara yang biasanya dilakukan oleh Amoeba, protozoa disebut Pernafasan Langsung</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Pernafasan reaksi enzimatis adalah proses pernafasan yang dibantu oleh enzim sitokrom saat metabolisme</div><div class="MsoNormal">Inspirasi : Paru-paru >> <span style="color: red;">Alveolus</span> >> Kapiler darah >> Sel >> Metabolisme >> Hasil : E + CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"> (O<sub>2</sub>) >> (O<sub>2</sub>) >> (O<sub>2</sub>) >> oleh Mitokondria</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #00b050;">Pertukaran CO<sub>2</sub> dan O<sub>2</sub> terjadi di Alveolus</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">Ekspirasi : Paru-paru <span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><<</span> <span style="color: red;">Alveolus </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><<</span> Kapiler darah <span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><<</span> Sel <span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><< </span>Metabolisme <span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><<</span> Hasil : E + CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"> (CO<sub>2</sub>) <span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><<</span> (CO<sub>2</sub>) <span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><<</span> (CO<sub>2</sub>) <span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><<</span> </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"> </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Respirasi Internal / Pernafasan Dalam / Respirasi seluler adalah Pertukaran CO<sub>2</sub> dan O<sub>2 </sub>yang terjadi diantara kapiler darah dan sel</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Respirasi eksternal / pernafasan luar adalah Pertukaran CO<sub>2</sub> dan O<sub>2 </sub>yang terjadi di paru-paru yaitu diantara alveolus dan kapiler darah</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <b>2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b>Tahap pernafasan</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Glikolisis </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">-Adalah serangkaian reaksi enzimatis yang memecah glukosa menjadi asam piruvat</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">-Terjadi di sitoplasma</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">-Hasilnya adlah 2ATP + 2 NaDH<sub>2 </sub>+ 2 asam piruvat</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">*NaDH<sub>2</sub> adalah senyawa yang memliki energi tinggi</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Siklus Krebs (siklus Asam Sitrat) </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">-Adalah serangkaian reaksi metabolisme yang mengubah asetil KoA menjadi CO<sub>2</sub></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">-Terjadi di Mitokondria</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">-Hasilnya adalah 4 CO<sub>2 </sub>+6 NaDH<sub>2</sub> +2 FADH<sub>2</sub> </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">*6 NaDH<sub>2 </sub>= 3 ATP</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">*2 FADH<sub>2 </sub>= 2 ATP</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Transfor Elektron</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">-Adalah serangkaian reaksi yang melibatkan sistem carrier elektron (elektron pembawa)</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">-Terjadi di Mitokondria</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">-Hasil nya H<sub>2</sub>O</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">-Hasil berikutnya setelah terjadi penguraian : 10 NaDH<sub>2 </sub>(30 ATP), 2FADH<sub>2 </sub>(4 ATP). Jumlah keseluruhan 34 ATP</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Dekarbosilasi Oksidatif </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">-Adalah reaksi antara Glikolisis dan Siklus kerbs</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">-Hasilnya 2 ATP</div><div class="MsoNormal"> </div><div class="MsoNormal">Dari keseluruhan dihasilkan 10 NaDH<sub>2 </sub>:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>*2 dari glikolisis</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>*6 dari siklus krebs</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>*2 dari Dekarbosilasi oksidatif</div><div class="MsoNormal">Hasil akhir dari proses respirasi seluler ! :</div><div class="MsoNormal">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6 </sub>+ O<sub>2</sub> <span style="font-family: Wingdings;">à</span> 6 C0<sub>2 </sub>+ 6 H<sub>2</sub>O + 36 ATP</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>*6 C0<sub>2 </sub> dikeluarkan oleh paru-paru</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>*6 H<sub>2</sub>O dikeluarkan oleh ginjal dan kulit</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>*36 ATP diambil dari reaksi Transpor Elektron & Glikolisis</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"> <b>3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b>Alat-alat pernafasan</b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">a)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Rongga Hidung</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">Berfungsi dalam :</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Penyaringan </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Debu, kotoran, udara oleh rambut hidung</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Bau oleh saraf Olfactorius</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Penghangatan oleh konka</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">b)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span> Faring </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">Adalah rongga pertigaan antara Kerongkongan, Tenggorokan dan Rongga Hidung yang semuanya dibatasi oleh katup efiglotis</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">c)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Laring</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">Adalah batang tenggorokan yang mengandung pita suara yang berfungsi untuk mengatur tinggi rendah suara. Bila udara tinggi maka suara tinggi, begitupun sebaliknya.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">d)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Trakea</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">Adalah pipa tenggorokan = tenggorokan / dinding batang tenggorokan</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">e)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Bronkus </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">Adalah cabang tenggorokan atau cabang trakea. Masih diluar paru-paru.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">Peradangan pada daerah bronkus disebut bronkhitis.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">f)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Bronkiolus</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">Adalah cabang dari bronkus. Ada didalam paru-paru.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -14.2pt;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Di paru-paru kanan bronkiolus ada 3 glambir/lobus. Relatif lebih cepat rusak.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -14.2pt;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Di paru-paru kiri bronkiolus ada 2 glambir/lobus</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">g)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Alveolus </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">Adalah Gelembung halus yang berhubungan dengan kapiler darah, disinilah terjadi pertukaran O<sub>2</sub> dan CO<sub>2 </sub>. </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">h)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>Paru-paru</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">Paru-paru akan mengembang dan mengempis tetapi tidak akan bergesekandengan rongga dada.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">Paru-paru memiliki 300 juta alveolus.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">Selaput pleura adalah selaput pembungkus paru-paru, didalamnya terdapat cairan limfa.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">Luas permukaan difusi pada paru-paru adalah 70 m<sup>2</sup></div>Yetti Aneu's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15171009137849776587noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8916008186934526068.post-62463816037205232912011-04-23T22:16:00.000+07:002011-04-23T22:42:21.154+07:00Analisis Praktikum Laju Reaksi<div style="color: #274e13;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI LAJU REAKSI</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> A.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tujuan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi terhadap laju reaksi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Mengetahui pengaruh suhu terhadap laju reaksi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">3)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Mengetahui pengaruh luas permukaan terhadap laju reaksi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">4)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Mengetahui pengaruh katalis terhadap laju reaksi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> B.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Percobaan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">1)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Pengaruh Konsentrasi Terhadap Laju Reaksi</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Teori</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Telah diuraikan dalam teori tumbukan, perubahan jumlah molekul pereaksi dapat berpengaruh pada laju suatu reaksi. Kita telah tahu bahwa jumlah mol spesi zat terlarut dalam 1 liter larutan dinamakan konsentrasi molar. Bila konsentrasi pereaksi diperbesar dalam suatu reaksi, berarti kerapatannya bertambah dan akan memperbanyak kemungkinan tabrakan sehingga akan mempercepat laju reaksi. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Bila partikel makin banyak, akibatnya lebih banyak kemungkinan partikel saling bertumbukan yang terjadi dalam suatu larutan, sehingga reaksi bertambah cepat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Alat yang diperlukan :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Gelas kimia 100 mL</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Gelas ukur</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Labu ukur</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Kertas putih ukuran 15 x 15 cm yang diberi tanda “X” hitam</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Stopwatch</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Bahan :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Larutan HCl 0,1 M</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Larutan Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3</sub> 1,00 M</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">d.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Langkah Kerja :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Encerkan larutan Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3 </sub>1,00 M menjadi Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3 </sub>1 M; 2 M, masing-masing 10 mL !</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Siapkan 2 buah gelas kimia yag telah diberi label no. 1 dan 2 !</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Masukkan 10 mL larutan HCl 0,1 M ke dalam gelas no.1 !</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Simpan gelas kimia diatas kertas putih bertanda “X” !</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tambahkan 10 ml larutan Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3 </sub>1,00 M ke dalam gelas kimia no.1 !</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Catat waktu yang diperlukan sejak penambahan Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3</sub> sampai tanda “X” tidak terlihat lagi !</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Ulangi langkah-langkah tadi dengan konsentrasi Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3</sub> 2 M !</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-indent: -10.9pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">e.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Analisis Data</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Reaksi antara HCl dengan Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: 18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Tabel Pengamatan.</span></u></span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: #274e13; margin-left: 79.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 17.05pt;"> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 17.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 60.85pt;" valign="top" width="81"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">No</span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 17.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 245.3pt;" valign="top" width="327"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Volume ( 10 ml )</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 17.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.8pt;" valign="top" width="112"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Waktu</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">( detik )</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 9pt;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.7pt;" valign="top" width="161"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">HCl</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 124.55pt;" valign="top" width="166"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Na2S2O3</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 17.05pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 17.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 60.85pt;" valign="top" width="81"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 17.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.7pt;" valign="top" width="161"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">O,1 m</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 17.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 124.55pt;" valign="top" width="166"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1m</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 17.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.8pt;" valign="top" width="112"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">81</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 17.05pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 17.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 60.85pt;" valign="top" width="81"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 17.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.7pt;" valign="top" width="161"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">O,1 m</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 17.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 124.55pt;" valign="top" width="166"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2m</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 17.05pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 83.8pt;" valign="top" width="112"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">20</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 70.9pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 70.9pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi,semakin cepat reaksi berlangsung . Sebaliknya, semakin kecil konsentrasi,semakin lambat reaksi berlangsung. Hal ini disebabkan karena banyak terjadi tumbukan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">2)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Pengaruh Suhu Terhadap Laju Reaksi</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Teori</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Umumnya kenaikan suhu mempercepat reaksi, dan sebaliknya penurunan suhu memperlambat reaksi. Contohnya, bila kita memasak nasi dengan api besar akan lebih cepat dibandingkan api kecil. Bila kita ingin mengawetkan makanan (misalnya ikan) pasti kita pilih lemari es, mengapa? Karena penurunan suhu memperlambat proses pembusukan. </span></div><div class="pj" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Laju reaksi kimia bertambah dengan naiknya suhu. Bagaimana hal ini dapat terjadi? Ingat, laju reaksi ditentukan oleh jumlah tumbukan. Jika suhu dinaikkan, maka kalor yang diberikan akan menambah energi kinetik partikel pereaksi. Sehingga pergerakan partikel-partikel pereaksi makin cepat, makin cepat pergerakan partikel akan menyebabkan terjadinya tumbukan antar zat pereaksi makin banyak, sehingga reaksi makin cepat. </span></div><div class="pj" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Umumnya kenaikan suhu sebesar 100C menyebabkan kenaikan laju reaksi sebesar dua sampai tiga kali. Kenaikan laju reaksi ini dapat dijelaskan dari gerak molekulnya. Molekul-molekul dalam suatu zat kimia selalu bergerak-gerak. Oleh karena itu, kemungkinan terjadi tabrakan antar molekul yang ada. Tetapi tabrakan itu belum berdampak apa-apa bila energi yang dimiliki oleh molekul-molekul itu tidak cukup untuk menghasilkan tabrakan yang efektif. Kita telah tahu bahwa, energi yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan tabrakan yang efektif atau untuk menghasilkan suatu reaksi disebut energi pengaktifan. </span></div><div class="pj" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Energi kinetik molekul-molekul tidak sama. Ada yang besar dan ada yang kecil. Oleh karena itu, pada suhu tertentu ada molekul-molekul yang bertabrakan secara efektif dan ada yang bertabrakan secara tidak efektif. Dengan perkataan lain, ada tabrakan yang menghasilkan reaksi kimia ada yang tidak menghasilkan reaksi kimia. Meningkatkan suhu reaksi berarti menambahkan energi. Energi diserap oleh molekul-molekul sehingga energi kinetik molekul menjadi lebih besar. Akibatnya, molekul-molekul bergerak lebih cepat dan tabrakan dengan dampak benturan yang lebih besar makin sering terjadi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Dengan demikian, benturan antar molekul yang mempunyai energi kinetik yang cukup tinggi itu menyebabkan reaksi kimia juga makin banyak terjadi. Hal ini berarti bahwa laju reaksi makin tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Alat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Gelas kimia 100 mL</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Thermometer</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> Stopwatch </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Kertas 15 x 15 cm bertanda silang</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Bahan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Larutan Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 1 M </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Larutan HCl 0,1 M</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">d.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Langkah Kerja</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Siapkan gelas kimia sebanyak 2 buah yang telah diberi label no. 1 dan 2</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tuangkan sekitar 10 mL Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>1 M ke dalam gelas kimia 0.1. Ukur suhu larutan menggunakan thermometer dan catat. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Letakkan gelas kimia itu diatas kertas bertanda silang. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tambahkan 10 mL larutan HCl 0,1 M. ukur dan catat yang diperlukan sejak penambahan larutan HCl sampai tanda silang tidak terlihat lagi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tuangkan sekitar 10 mL Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 1 M yang bersuhu ±10<sup>o </sup>diatas suhu kamar (suhu diatas larutan Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sebelumnya) ke dalam gelas kimia no.2. Catat suhu larutan menggunakan thermometer dan catat. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 108pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tambahkan 10 mL larutan HCl 0,1 M. ukur dan catat yang diperlukan sejak penambahan larutan HCl sampai tanda silang tidak terlihat lagi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">e.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Analisis Data</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Contoh: reaksi antara HCl dengan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Table Pengamatan.</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: #274e13; margin-left: 82.8pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 17.35pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 17.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.55pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">No</span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 17.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">10 ml 0.1M</span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 17.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 105.85pt;" valign="top" width="141"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">10 ml Na2S2O3 1M</span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 17.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.4pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Waktu ( detik )</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 17.35pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 17.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.55pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 17.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Suhu = 27</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;"><img height="22" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" width="6" /></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 17.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 105.85pt;" valign="top" width="141"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Suhu = 27</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;"><img height="22" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" width="6" /></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 17.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.4pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">73</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 17.35pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 17.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 78.55pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 17.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;" valign="top" width="142"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Suhu = 27</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;"><img height="22" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" width="6" /></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 17.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 105.85pt;" valign="top" width="141"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Suhu = 45</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;"><img height="22" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" width="6" /></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 17.35pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 97.4pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">40</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi suhu maka makin cepat reaksi. Sebaliknya, semakin rendah suhu maka semakin lambat reaksi. Hal ini disebabkan karena partikel dari larutan itu bereaksi lebih cepat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">3)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Pengaruh Luas Permukaan Terhadap Laju Reaksi</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Teori</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Luas permukaan dapat mempengaruhi laju reaksi karena semakin halus ukuran kepingan zat padat maka akan berreaksi lebih cepat begitu pula sebalikya semakin kasar ukuran kepingan zat padat maka akan bereaksi lebih lambat. Hal ini terjadi karena banyak tumbukan antara partikel-partikel di dalamnya. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Pada campuran pereaksi yang heterogen, reaksi hanya terjadi pada biang batas campuran yang selanjutnya kita sebut bidang sentuh. Oleh karena itu, semakin luas bidang sentuh , semakin cepat reaksi berlangsung. Sebagaimana telah dijelaskan pada bagian sebelumnya, semakin halus ukuran kepingan zat padat, semakin luas permukaannya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Alat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Gelas kimia 100 mL</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Gelas ukur</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Pisau Karter</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Stopwatch </span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Bahan:</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">CaC0<sub>3</sub></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">HCl 0,1 M</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">d.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Langkah Kerja</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Siapkan gelas kimia sebanyak 2 buah yang telah diberi label HCl (no 1 dan 2)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Masukkan 10 mL HCl ke dalam setiap gelas gelas kimia. </span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Timbang antara CaCO<sub>3 </sub>butiran dan CaCO<sub>3 </sub>serbuk agar seimbang </span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Masukkan CaCO<sub>3 </sub>butiran ke dalam gelas no.1 lalu aduk secara konstan sampai CaCO<sub>3</sub> larut semua. Catat waktu yang diperlukan sejak kapur tulis dimasukkan sampai larut semua.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Gerus kapur tulis yang ukurannya sama dengan kapur tulis yang pertama sampai halus. Kemudian masukkan ke dalam gelas no.2 lalu aduk secara konstan. Catat waktu yang diperlukan sejak kapur tulis dimasukkan sampai larut semua.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">e.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Analisis Data</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Reaksi antara HCl dengan CaCO<sub>3</sub></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Table Pengamatan.</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: #274e13; margin-left: 80.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 20.55pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 20.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 94.1pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">No</span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 20.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95pt;" valign="top" width="127"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">10 ml HCl</span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 20.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">CaCO3</span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 20.55pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.7pt;" valign="top" width="128"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Waktu ( detik )</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 22.15pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 22.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 94.1pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95pt;" valign="top" width="127"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">0,1m</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Serbuk</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.7pt;" valign="top" width="128"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">75</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 22.15pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 22.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 94.1pt;" valign="top" width="125"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95pt;" valign="top" width="127"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">0,1m</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.05pt;" valign="top" width="128"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Butiran</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 95.7pt;" valign="top" width="128"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">180+</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepingan yang lebih halus bereaksi lebih cepat sedangkan kepingan yang lebih kasar lebih lambat. Hal ini disebabkan karena banyak terjadi tumbukan antara partikel-partikel. Pada campuran pereaksi yang heterogen, reaksi hanya terjadi pada bidang batas campuran yang selanjutnya kita sebut bidang sentuh.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">4)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Pengaruh Katalis terhadap Laju Reaksi</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">a.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Teori</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Katalis adalah zat yang dapat meningkatkan laju reaksi tanpa dirinya mengalami perubahan kimia secara permanen. Katalis dapat bekerja dengan membentuk senyawa antara atau mengabsorpsi zat yang direaksikan. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Suatu reaksi yang menggunakan katalis disebut reaksi katalis dan prosesnya disebut katalisme. Katalis dapat memperbesar laju reaksi karena menurunkan energy pengaktifan. Penurunan energy pengaktifan tersebut berlaku untuk dua arah. Jadi, kalatis akan mempercepat laju reaksi maju sekaligus laju reaksi balik. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Jika kita menambahkan katalis dalam suatu reaksi maka reaksi tersebut akan semakin cepat laju reaksinya karena energy pengaktifannya sedikit. Namun bila tanpa katalis diperlukan energi pengaktifan yang tinggi dan terbentuknya reaksi lambat. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Ada dua macam katalis, yaitu katalis positif (<i>katalisator</i>) yang berfungsi mempercepat reaksi, dan katalis negatif (<i>inhibitor</i>) yang berfungsi memperlambat laju reaksi. Katalis positif berperan menurunkan energi pengaktifan, dan membuat orientasi molekul sesuai untuk terjadinya tumbukan. Sedangkan katalisator dibedakan atas katalisator homogen dan katalisator heterogen. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">b.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Alat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Gelas Kimia 100 Ml</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">c.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Bahan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Larutan H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2 </sub>5%</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 3cm; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Larutan FeCl<sub>3</sub></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">d.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Langkah Kerja</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-indent: -1cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Siapkan gelas kimia yang telah diberi label no.1 dan 2</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-indent: -1cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Masukkan 50 mL larutan H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 5% ke dalam setiap gelas kimia. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-indent: -1cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tambahkan sedikit FeCl<sub>3 </sub>ke dalam gelas kimia no.1 </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-indent: -1cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">Ø<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Amati kecepatan timbulnya gelembung gas pada kedua gelas itu dan catat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">e.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Analisis Data</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tabel hasil Pengamatan :</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: #274e13; margin-left: 77.8pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 24.3pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 24.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.75pt;" valign="top" width="82"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">No</span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 24.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 198.7pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Warna</span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 24.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 130.25pt;" valign="top" width="174"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Gelembung </span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 23.8pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 23.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.75pt;" valign="top" width="82"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 23.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 198.7pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">H2O2=tidak berwarna</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">FeCl3 = jingga </span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 23.8pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 130.25pt;" valign="top" width="174"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tidak ada gelembung</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 11.9pt;"> <td rowspan="4" style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 11.9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.75pt;" valign="top" width="82"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 11.9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 198.7pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">H2O2 + FeCl3</span></div></td> <td rowspan="4" style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 11.9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 130.25pt;" valign="top" width="174"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Banyak gelembung</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.4pt;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 6.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 198.7pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Warna awal = jingga</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.4pt;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 6.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 198.7pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Bereaksi = hitam </span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.4pt;"> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 6.4pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 198.7pt;" valign="top" width="265"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Akhir = jingga </span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Maka dapat diambil kesimpulan :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Aksi larutan FeCl3 terhadap peruraian larutan H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Hydrogen peroksida (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) dapat terurai menjadi air dan gas oksigen menurut persamaan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">→</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> 2 H<sub>2</sub>O + O<sub>2</sub></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Pada suhu kamar, reaksi itu berlangsung sangat lambat sehingga praktis tidak teramati. Namun, reaksi akan berlangsung hebat jika larutan FeCl<sub>3</sub> ditambahkan. Larutan FeCl<sub>3</sub> (yang berwarna kuning jingga) mula-mula mengubah warna campuran menjadi cokelat tetapi pada akhirnya reaksi kembali berwarna kuning jingga. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa FeCl<sub>3</sub> tidak dikonsumsi dalam reaksi tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;"> <b>C.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Kesimpulan</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Faktor-faktor yang memperngaruhi laju reaksi diantaranya:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">A.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Konsentrasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi,semakin cepat reaksi berlangsung . Sebaliknya, semakin kecil konsentrasi,semakin lambat reaksi berlangsung. Hal ini disebabkan karena banyak terjadi tumbukan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">B.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Suhu</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Bahwa semakin tinggi suhu maka makin cepat reaksi. Sebaliknya, semakin rendah suhu maka semakin lambat reaksi. Hal ini disebabkan karena partikel dari larutan itu bereaksi lebih cepat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">C.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Luas Permukaan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">bahwa kepingan yang lebih halus bereaksi lebih cepat sedangkan kepingan yang lebih kasar lebih lambat. Hal ini disebabkan karena banyak terjadi tumbukan antara partikel-partikel. Pada campuran pereaksi yang heterogen, reaksi hanya terjadi pada bidang batas campuran yang selanjutnya kita sebut bidang sentuh.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">D.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Katalis</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #274e13; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Bahwa pada suhu kamar, reaksi itu berlangsung sangat lambat sehingga praktis tidak teramati. Namun, reaksi akan berlangsung hebat jika larutan FeCl<sub>3</sub> ditambahkan. Larutan FeCl<sub>3</sub> (yang berwarna kuning jingga) mula-mula mengubah warna campuran menjadi cokelat tetapi pada akhirnya reaksi kembali berwarna kuning jingga. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa FeCl<sub>3</sub> tidak dikonsumsi dalam reaksi tersebut.</span></div>Yetti Aneu's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15171009137849776587noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8916008186934526068.post-75422045649488534302011-04-21T23:23:00.001+07:002011-04-23T22:24:40.415+07:00Contoh Makalah Tobat dan Raja'<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%;">BAB I</span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="color: #351c75; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; line-height: 115%;"> A.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Latar Belakang</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Manusia menjalani beberapa proses perjalanan kehidupan. Perjalanan pertamanya adalah kelahiran, kedua adalah kematian, berikutnya dibangkitkan untuk hidup kembali, dan kemudian sesudahnya adalah perhitungan amal (hisab). Kelak ada manusia yang beruntung dan tempat kembalinya adalah syurga, tetapi ada pula manusai yang merugi sehingga tempatnya adalah neraka. Mereka yang beriman dan beramal shalehlah yang mendapatkan jaminan kebahagiaan kehidupan diakhirat kelak.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Dalam menjalani kehidupan, seseorang tentu harus mempersiapkanbekal untuk hari kemudian. Bekalnya adalah iman, ilmu dan amal shaleh. Keimanan yang disertai amal shaleh akan membawa keselamatan dan kesejahteraan, baik di dunia maupun diakhirat. Apalagi jika ditambah dengan perilaku terpuji seperti bertobat (memohon ampun dan tidak mengulangi kesalahan yang telah diperbuat) , <i>raja’</i> (menunjukkan sikap menghara keridhaan Allah), optimis, dinamis, mampu berfikir kritis, dan mampu mengendalikan diri. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini akan membahas sifat-sifat terpuji tersebut yang terdiri dari Tobat dan Raja’.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #351c75; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";"> B.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Rumusan Masalah</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #351c75; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Apa pengertian dari tobat dan raja’?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #351c75; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Bagaimana syarat dan cara melakukan toat dan raja’?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #351c75; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">3.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Apa manfaat dari tobat dan raja’?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #351c75; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #351c75; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";"> C.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Tujuan</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #351c75; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">A.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tujuan khusus</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #351c75; line-height: normal; margin-left: 90pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas yang diberikan oleh guru mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam kelas XI</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #351c75; line-height: normal; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">B. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tujuan Umum</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #351c75; line-height: normal; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Untuk mengetahui pentingnya tobat dan raja’.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #351c75; line-height: normal; margin-left: 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Untuk mengetahui manfaat dari tobat dan raja’.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%;">BAB II</span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">2.1 </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Tobat</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">A.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Pengertian Tobat</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Kata tobat berasal dari bahasa Arab <i>at-taubah</i>, yang kerjanya adalah <i>ruju’, </i>kembali. Menurut istilah tobat adalah kembali dari kemaksiatan kepada ketaatan dengan niat sungguh-sungguh dan berjanji tidak akan pernah mengulangi perbuatan maksiat tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Kesimpulannya yaitu Tobat adalah proses menyadari kesalahan yang telah diperbuat dan berupaya sekuat hati untuk tidak melakukannya kembali atau permohonan ampun kepada Allah SWT atas kesalahan (kekhilafan) dan atas perbuatan dosa yang telah dilakukannya.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Hukum bertobat adalah wajib bagi setiap Muslim atau Muslimat yang sudah mukalafaf (balig dan berakal). Tobat nasuha adalah tobat yang dilakukan dengan sungguh-sungguh atau semurni-murninya. Tobat semacam inilah yang dinilai paling tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="color: #351c75; line-height: normal; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">“Sesungguhnya Allah itu menyukai orang-orang yang tobat kepada-Nya dan dia menyukai orang-orang yang membersihkan diri.” </span></i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">(QS Al Baqarah : 222)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">B.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Syarat diterimanya Tobat </span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tobat dianggap sah dan dapat menghapus dosa apabila telah memnuhi syarat yang telah ditentukan. Apabila dosa itu terhadap Allah SWT, maka syarat tobat, yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Menyesal terhadap perbuatan maksiat yang telah diperbuat (nadam)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Meninggalkan perbuatan maksiat itu</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">3.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Bertekad dan berjanji dengan sungguh-sungguh tidak akan lagi mengulangi perbuatan maksiat itu.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">4.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Mengikuti dengan perbuatan baik. Karena perbuatan baik akan menghapus keburukan</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">5.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> Taubat harus dilakukan seketika itu juga</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">6.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Taubat harus dilakukan dalam keadaan tidak mempunyai tanggungan ( hutang)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">7.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Taubat harus merupakan taubat nashuha</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">8.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Taubat harus disertai dengan pengakuan dan kesadaran</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Namun, apabila dosanya terhadap sesame manusia, maka syarat tobat selain yang diatas tersebutditambah dua syarat yaitu:</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Meminta maaf terhadap orang yang telah dizalimi (dianiaya) atau dirugikan</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Mengganti kerugian setimbang dengan kerugian yang dialaminya, yang diakibatkan perbuatan zalim atau meminta kerelaanya</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Perlu pula disadari dan diketahui oleh setiap orang yang telah berbuat dosa, bahwa seseorang yang membaca istigfar (mohon ampunan dosa kepada Allah), tetapi terus-menerusberbuat dosa, ia akan dianggap telah mengolok-olo Tuhannya. Dem ikian juga seseorang yang berbuat dosa, dan baru bertobat ketika sakarotul maut” (nyawanya sudah berada di tenggorokan) maka tobatnya tidak akan diterima Allah.</span></div><div style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">C.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Beberapa amalan yang dapat menghapus dosa :</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"><br />
1. Berwudhu<br />
2. Mengerjakan shalat fardhu dan shalat jumat<br />
3. Bersujud dalam shalat<br />
4. Mengerjakan puasa ramadhan<br />
5. Mengerjakan shalat taraweh<br />
6. Mengerjakan haji dan umrah<br />
7. Membaca tasbih, tahmid dan takbir setelah shalat<br />
8. Bersabar dalam penderitaan<br />
9. Mendoakan orang tua<br />
10. Bersedekah</span></div><div style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">D.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Beberapa Hikmah taubat</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"><br />
1. Menyebabkan turunnya rahmat dari Allah swt.<br />
2. Membebaskan diri dari kesalahan, melapangkan diri dari kesempitan dan mengalirkan rizki<br />
3. Membersihkan jiwa<br />
4. Meningkatkan keimanan<br />
5. Memberikan kekuatan<br />
6. Menghindarkan diri dari azab Allah SWT.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">2.2 Raja’</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">A. Pengertian Raja’</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Kata <i>raja’</i> berasal dari bahasa Arab yang artinya harapan. Maksud <i>raja’</i> pada pembahasan ini ialah mengharap keridhanan Allah SWT dan rahmat-Nya. Rahmat adalah segala karuni Allah SWT yang mendatangkan manfaat dan nikmat.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Raja termasuk akhlaqul karimah terhadap Allah SWT yang manfaatnya dapat mempertebal iman dan mendekatkan diri kepada Allah SWT. Seorang Muslim/Muslimat yang melimpahkan ampunan Allah, berarti ia mengakui bahwa Allah itu Maha Pengampun. Muslim dan muslimat yang mengharapkan agar Allah melimpahkan kebahagiaan di dunia dan di akhirat, berarti ia telah meyakini bahwa Allah Maha Pengasih dan Maha Penyayang.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Kebalikan dari sifat raja’ ialah berputus harapan terhadap rida dan rahmat Allah SWT. Orang yang berputus harapan terhadap Allah, berarti ia berprasangka buruk kepada Allah SWT, yang hukumnya haram dan merupakan ciri dari orang kafir.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Muslimin/Muslimat yang bersifat raja tentu dalam hidupnya akan bersikao optimis, dianmis, berpikir kritis dan mengenal diri dalam mengharap keridaan Allah SWT.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Perilaku Optimis</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Setiap manusai akan selalu diuji keimana dan kepribadiannya. Dengan segala kekurangan dan kelebihan dirinya, manusia senantias menghadapi peluang dan tantangan. Tidak jarang kegagalan dijumpai dalam usaha keras yang telah dilakukan sepanjang hidupnya. Bila peluang dan kesempatan telah tersedia, kemudian ditambah dengan modal, potensi, kekuatan atau kelebihan dirinya, seringkali menimbulkan rasa optimis. Sebaliknya, apabila kemampuan yang dimiliki kurang memadai, biasanya seorang mudah merasa pesimis.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Optimis merupakan keyakinan diri dan salah satu sifat baik yang dianjurkan dalam Islam. Dengan sikap optimis, seseorang akan bersemangat dalam menjalani kehidupan, baik demi kehidupan di duni maupun dalam menghadapi kehidupan akhirat kelak. Allah berfirman dalam surah Ali Imran ayat 139</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Artinya : <i>“Janganlah kamu bersifat lemah, dan janganlah pula kamu bersedih hati, padahal kamulah orang-orang yang paling tinggi (derajatnya), jika kamu orang-orang yang beriman.” </i>(QS Ali Imran : 139)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Sikap optimis merupakan sikap yang harus dimiliki oleh stiap manusia, khususnya seorang muslim. Karena dengan optimis, seorang muslim akan selalu berusah semaksimal mungkin mencapai cita-citanya dengan penuh keikhlasan karena Allah tanpa sedikitpun rasa takut dan khawatir akan mengalami kegagalan.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Hadis nabi Muhammad menyatakan.yang artinya : <i>“Dari abu hurairah ia berkata, telah bersabda rasulullah SAW, mukmin yang kuat akan lebih baik dan lebih disukai oleh Allah daripada mukmin yang lemah, tetapi di tiap-tiap (seorang mukmin) itu ada kebaikan, beringinlah (optimis) kepada apa-apa yang memberi manfaat.” </i>(HR Bukhari)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Dari ayat dan hadis tersebut diatas, kita harus yakin, mantap dan tidak ragu-ragu atau bimbang jika mempunyai keinginan kuat untuk melaksanakan segala cita-cita yang sesuai dengan jalan-Nya. Allah tidak menyukaiorang-orang yang berputus asa atau lemah karena sikap demikian membuka pintu bujuk rayu setan. Akan tetapi, optimis tanpa perhitungan dan pertimbangan yang tepat juga merupakan sesuatu kekonyolan (tidak dibenarkan) yang dapat dibenci Allah. </span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Sikap pesimis merupakan halangan utama bagi seseorang untuk menerima tantangan. Orang yang pesimis pasti akan merasa hidupnya selalu penuh dengan kesulitan. Ia selalu merasa dalam ketidakberdayaan mengahadapi masa depan. Sikap seperti ini sangat dibenci oleh Islam. Islam sangat mendorong sikap optimis dan mengcam sikap pesimis.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Ada 6 hal yang dapat membangkitkan sikap optimis dalam kehidupan kita yakni sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Temukan hal-hal positif dari pengalaman masa lalu</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tata kembali target yang ingin kita capai</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">3.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Pecah target yang besar menjadi target-target kecil yang dapat segera dilihat keberhasilannya.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">4.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Bertawakal kepada Allah SWT setelah melakukan ihtiyar</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">5.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Langkah terakhir, kita perlu mengubah pandangan kita terhadap diri dan kegagalan</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">6.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Yakinkan bahwa Allah SWT akan menolong dan memberi jalan keluar</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Optimisme sangat diperlukan dalam kehidupan kita sehari-hari guna mencapai sebuah kesuksesan dan keberhasilan dalm hidup di dunia dan akhirat. Dengan adanya sikap optimisme dalam diri setiap muslim, kinerja untuk amal akan meningkat dan persoalan yang dihadapi dapat diselesaikan dengan baik. </span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Doa, ihtiyar dan tawakal harus senantiasa mengiringi karena hanya denngan kuasa-Nya apa yang kita inginkan dapat terwujud. Maka, tumbuhkan selalu sikap optimisme dan harapan sebagai energi hidup agar tetap menyala, bersemangat, tidak kenal menyerah dan yang terpenting adalah yakinlah dengan pertolongan Allah SWT.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Perilaku Dinamis</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Dinamis dapat diartikan sebagai satu keadaan yang selalu bergerak, tidak pernah diam, tidak statis. Seseornag yang dinamis adalah seseorang yang tidak kenal putus asa dalam mencapaui tujuannya. Sikap dinamis ini memacu manusia pada kemajuan dan perkembangan. Allah SWT berfirman.<i><u> </u></i></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Artinya : <i>“Dan (Dia telah menetapkan) kuda, bagal dan keledai agar kamu menungganginya dan (menjadikannya) perhiasan. Dan Allah menciptakan apa yang kamu tidak mengetahuinya.” </i>(QS An Nahl )</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Melalui ayat tersebut, Allah telah mengisyaratkan kepada manusai untuk berfikir, merenung dan menghasilkan inovasi-inovasi seperti menciptakan tekhnologi mutakhir dan menjadikan tekhnologi itu sebagai perhiaan, kebanggaan dan kemudahan bagi manusia. Perhatikan firman Allah SWT berikut ini. </span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Artinya : <i>“(1)Demi masa. (2)Sesungguhnya manusia dalam kerugian. (3)Kecuali orang-orang yang beriman dan beramal shaleh dan saling berwasiat dengan kebenaran, dan berwasiat dengan kesabaran.”</i> (QS Al Asr : 1-3)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Di dalam ayat tersebut, Allah menyarankan kepada manusia untuk mempergunakan waktunya dengan sebaik-baiknya. Meskipun waktu itu sangat sempit, apabila dipergunakan dengan baik niscaya waktu yang sempit itu akan menjadi waktu yang sangat berharga. </span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Salah satu memanfaatkan waktu adalah dengan terus berusaha atau berkarya untuk mencapai tujuan, tak pernah putus asa dan selalu yakin dengan kemampuan yang dimiliki. Manusia dinamis selalu berkarya tanpa mengenal lelah dan tidak berputus asa dan selalu yakin dengan kemampuan yang dimiliki. Manusia dinamis terus berkarya tanpa mengenal lelah dan tidak berputus asa. Firman Allah SWT:</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Artinya : <i>“(Sesungguhya manusia diciptakan bersifat keluh kesah lagi kikir. )Apabila ia ditimpa kesusahan ia berkeluh kesah. Dan apabila ia mendapat kebaikan ia amat kikir. Kecuali orang-orang yang mengerjakan salat. Yang mereka itu tetap mengerjakan salatnya. dan orang-orang yang di dalam hartanya tersedia bagian tertentu. “ </i>(QS Al Maarij :19-24)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Kesulitan yang dihadapi, bukan untuk ditakuti atau dihindari. Akan tetapi, kita harus berusaha agar kesulitan itu menjadi sebuah tantangan dan peluang. Kita harus terus bergerak dan berusaha untuk kreatif dan inovatif. Allah SWT menyatakan <i><u>:</u></i></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Artinya : <i>“…Karena sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan ada kemudahan, sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan ada kemudahan. Maka apabila kamu telah selesai (dari satu urusan), kerjakanlah dengan sungguh-sungguh kerjaan yang lain.”</i> (QS Al Insyirah : 5-7)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Dalam firman Allah SWT yang lain dinyatakan:</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Artinya : <i>“Kebenaran itu adalah dari tuhanmu. Karena itu jangan sekali-kali engkau tergolong orang yang ragu-ragu.” </i>(QS Al Baqarah : 147)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Manusia yang baik adalah manusia yang berprestasi lebih baik dari hari kemarin. Dan manusa yang buruk adalah manusia yang sama, bahkan lebih buruk dari hari kemarin. Maka berusahalah untuk menjadi manusa yang senantiasa berusaha ke arah kebaikan.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">3.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Berpikir Kritis</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Allah SWT menciptakan manusia berbeda dengan makhluk yang lain. Manusai memiliki akal (rasio) dan rasa sehingga dengan akal itu manusai mampu berfikir dan membedakan antara yang baik dan yang buruk. Orang yang tidak mau mempergunakan akalnya adalah orang yang di murkai oleh Allah. Allah SWT memerintahkan agar setiap muslim senantiasa hati-hati, teliti dan kritis terlebih dahulu sebelum mengambil suatu tindakan. Allah SWT senantias mengetahui apa yang tersimpan di dalam pikiran dan perbuatan hambanya, dan dia akan memberi balasan yang setimpal dengan hal tersebut, baik ataupun buruk</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Proses berfikir dan semangat untuk terus mencari solusi atas suatu permasalahan merupakan sesuatu yang harus selalu dipelihara. Semua masalah yang timbul dari dalam dan dari luar merupakan pemicu seseorang agar senantiasa berfikir untuk dapat menyelesaikan masalahnya tersebut. Berpikir kritis merupakan upaya pendalaman kesadaran serta kecerdasan membandingkan dari beberapa masalah yang sedang atau akan terjadi sehingga menghasilkan sebuah kesimpulan dan gagasan yang dapoat memecahkan masalah tersebut</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Setiap orang mempunyai pola pikir berbeda. Akan tetapi, apabila setiap orang mampu berpikir secara kritis, masalah yang mereka hadapi tentu akan semakin sederhana dan mudah dicari solusinya. Oleh karena itu, manusia diberikan akal dan pikiran untuk senantiasa berpikir bagaimana menjadikan hidupnya lebih baik, tentram dan mampu menjalani semua masalah sepelik apapunyang diberikan kepadanya.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Banyak orang yang cenderung malas untuk memikirkan penyelesaian masalah yang sedang mereka hadapi atau menghindar dari persoalan tersebut. Mereka menganggap hal itu adalah cara yang paling efektif untuk membuat mereka tenang. Akan tetapi, mereka sebenarnya merasa resah karena solusi dari masalah tersebut belum mereka dapatkan.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Seseorang yang senantiasa menggunakan akal pikirannya sesuai dengan tuntunan Allah diantaranya menunjukkan sikap sebagai berikut.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Mengingat Allah setiap saat.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Berpikir positif dan menyadari bahwa dibalik semua kejadian pasti memiliki hikmah sehingga tidak ada yang sia-sia</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">3.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Meyakini bahwa Allah telah mengatur segala ciptaanya demi kesejahteraan manusia</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">4.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Memilih yang terbaik berdasarkan hasil musyawarah</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">5.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Selalu mengambil hikmah dan pelajaran dalam setiap kejadian yang dialami</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">6.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Senang berbuat baik untuk sesama manusia</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">7.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Rajin melaksanakan salat</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">8.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Meyakini akan adanya kehidupan akhirat</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Beberapa ciri orang yang memiliki perilaku suka berpikir kritis antara lain sebagai berikut.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Menanggapi atau memberikan komentar terhadap sesuatu dengan penuh pertimbangan<i><u> </u></i></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Artinya : <i>“ Hai orang-orang yang beriman, jika datang kepadamu orang fasiq membawa suatu berita, maka periksalah dengan teliti, agar kamu tidak menimpakan suatu musibah kepada suatu kaum tanpa mengetahui keadaannya yang menyebabkan kamu menyesal atas perbuatanmu itu.” </i>(QS Al Hujarat : 6)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Bersedia memperbaiki kesalahan atau kekeliruan</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">3.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Dapat menelaah atau menganalisa sesuatu yang datang kepadanya secara sistematis</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">4.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Berani menyampaikan kebenaran meskipun berat dirasakan. Al Qur’an menyatakan<i><u> </u></i></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Artinya : <i>“Hai orang-orang yang beriman, bertakwalah kamu kepada Allah dan katakanlah perkataan yang benar.”</i> (QS Al Ahzab : 70)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Artinya : <i>“kecuali orang yang beriman dan beramal sholeh dan nasehat menasehati supaya mentaati kebenaran dan nasehat menasehati supaya menetapi kesabaran.” </i>(QS Al Asr : 3)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Artinya : <i>“Hai orang-orang yang beriman, hendaklah kamu menjadi orang-orang yang selalu menegakkan (kebenaran) karena Allah, menjadi saksi dengan adil. Berlaku adillah karena adil itu lebih dekat kepada takwa. Dan bertakwalah kepada Allah, sesungguhnya Allah maha mengetahui apa yang kamu kerjakan.”</i> (QS Al Maidah : )</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">5.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Bersikap cermat, jujur dan ikhlas karena Allah, baik dalam mengerjakan pekerjaan yang bertalian dengan agama Allah maupun dengan urusan duniwi</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">6.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Kebencian terhadap suatu kaum tidak mendorongnya untuk tidak berbuat jujur atau tidak berlaku adil</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">7.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Adil dalam memberikan kesaksian tanpa melihat siapa orangnya walaupun akan merugikan diri sendiri, sahabat dan kerabat.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">8.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Keadilan ditegakkan dalam segala hal karena keadilan menimbulkan ketentraman, kemakmuran dan kebahagiaan. Ketidak adilan hanya akan menimbulkan hal sebaliknya</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">4.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Mengendalikan Diri</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Manusia diberi akal dan hawa nafsu oleh Allah SWT, dua hal inilah yang membedakan manusia dengan makhluk lainnya sehingga manusia disebut makhluk paling sempurna. Seringkali hawa nafsu membawa seseorang cenderung ke arah keburukan sehingga setiap orang harus mampu mengendalikannya. Hawa nafsu dapat membawa kebaikan selama ia mampu diarahkan, tetapi akan menjerumuskan kepada kejahatan bila dibiarkan tanpa arah yang jelas. </span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Artinya : <i>“Maka pernahkah engkau meelihat orang yang menjadikan hawa nafsunya sebagai tuhannya? Dan Allah membiarkannya sesaat berdasarkan ilmu-Nya dan Allah telah mengunci mati pendengaran dan hatinya dan meletakkan tutupan atas penglihatannya. Maka siapakah yang akan memberikan petunjuk setelah Allah (membuarkan sesat). Mengapa kamu tidak mengambil pelajaran.”</i> (QS Al Jasiyah : 23)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Banyak orang yang meninggalkan petunjuk yang baikdan menuruti kemauan hawa nafsunya dan menjadikannya sabagai tuhan yang ditaati selain Allah. Betapa tidak, karena apa saja yang diinginkan oleh hawa nafsu tersebut dia akan segera lakukan tanpa malu dan segan sehingga tidak takut untuk melakukan kejahatan dan kezaliman. Mereka tidak takut kepada Allah, apalagi kepada sesamanya. Mereka tidak memikirkan akibat dari perbuatan yang telah dilakukannya</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Orang yang menurut hawa nafsunya sangat dimurkai oleh Allah dan disamakan dosa dan bahayanya orang-orang yang menyembah berhala dan memuja benda-benda yang ada dibumi.Nafsu mengandung ketertarikan sahwat untuk mencari kelezatan jasamani dan rohani sehingga mudah menerima godaan dan bujukan setan. Nafsu manusia ada tiga macam yaitu sebagai berikut.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Nafsu amarah yaitu nafsu yang menyuruh kepada keburukan</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Nafsu lawanah yaitu nafsu yang suka mencela atau mengecam</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">3.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Nafsu mutmainnah ayitu nafsu yang tenang dan tentram</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Apabila nafsu manusia mengikuti sahwatnya, inilah yang disebut nafsu amarah. Apabila nafsu itu telah melakukan hal yang buruk , hadirlah nafsu lawamah yang mencela dan mencaci perbuatan buruk yang dilakukannya karena mengikuti nafsu sahwatnya. Apabila nafsu itu telah menyesalatas perbuatan jahat yang dilakukannya, perasaan itu timbul dari nafsu mutmainah . Didalam surat Al Baqarah : 169 Allah berfirman</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Artinya :<i>“Sesungguhnya setan itu hanya menyuruh kamu berbuat jahat dan keji. Dan mengatakan terhadap Allah apa yang tidak kamu ketahui.”</i>(QS Al Baqarah : 169</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Allah berfirman dalam surat lainnya<i><u>:</u></i></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Artinya : <i>“Dan aku tidak membebaskan diriku (dari kesalahan) karena sesungguhnya itu menyuruh kepada kejahatan, kecuali nafsu yang diberi rahmat oleh tuhanku. Sesungguhnya tuhanku maha pengampun lagi maha penyayang.” </i>(QS Yusuf : 53)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Hadis nabi Muhammad SAW menyatakan yang artinya : <i>“Orang yang kuat bukanlah orang yang jagoan dalam gulat, namun orang yang kuat adalah orang yang mampu menahan dirinya ketika marah.” </i>(HR Muttafqun Alaih)</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Berikut ini adalah beberapa perilaku yang dapat melatih diri kita agar mampu bersikap mengendalikan diri</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">1.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tidak suka mengolok-olok dan berburuk sangka kepada orang lain</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">2.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tidak iri dan dengki</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">3.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tidak sombong</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">4.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tidak kikir dan pelit</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">5.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tidak tamak</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">6.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tidak memfitnah</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">7.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tidak melakukan kejahatan</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">8.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Ikhlas</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">9.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Sabar</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">10.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Suka berkorban</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">11.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Pandai bersyukur</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">12.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Mau bertobat dan mengadakan perbaikan</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">13.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Mampu mengendalikan hawa nafsu</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%;">BAB III</span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%;">PENUTUP</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Kesimpulan</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Berdasarkan uraian materi dari bahasan “AKHLAK TERPUIJI” diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa :</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tobat adalah proses menyadari kesalahan yang telah diperbuat dan berupaya sekuat hati untuk tidak melakukannya kembali atau permohonan ampun kepada Allah SWT atas kesalahan (kekhilafan) dan atas perbuatan dosa yang telah dilakukannya</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Syarat Tobat</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">v<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Menyesal </span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">v<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Memohon Ampun</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">v<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Tidak mengulangi lagi</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif";">Raja’</span></i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">’ialah mengharap keridhanan Allah SWT dan rahmat-Nya.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/Asus/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Sikap Raja’ melahirkan sikap</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">v<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Optimis</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">v<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Dinamis</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">v<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Berpikir kritis</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: #351c75; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: small;">v<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small;">Pengendalian Diri</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Daftar Pustaka</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Syamsuri. 2007. <i>Pendidikan Agama Islam untuk SMA Kelas XI</i>. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Abdullah. <i>Pelita Penuntun Belajar Kreatif Agama Islam SMA</i>. Bogor: CV ARYA DUTA.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://saef-jaza.blogspot.com/2009/05/akhlak-terpuji.html"><span style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; line-height: 115%;">http://saef-jaza.blogspot.com/2009/05/akhlak-terpuji.html</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #351c75;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.muslimah.or.id/"><span style="font-family: "Andalus","serif"; line-height: 115%;">www.muslimah.or.id</span></a> </span></div>Yetti Aneu's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15171009137849776587noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8916008186934526068.post-76320875976756759592011-04-21T22:44:00.001+07:002011-04-23T22:19:08.926+07:00Contoh Surat dlm Proposal<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Panitia Lingua Festival 2010</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">SMA NEGERI 2 CIANJUR</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Jl. Siliwangi No. 9 Cianjur 43211</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Telp (0263) 263672 website : smandacianjur.sch.id</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; margin-left: 324pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">21 September 2010</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">No : 34/Pan.LF/DH/IX/07</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Lamp : 1 berkas proposal</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Hal : Lampiran</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Yth. Kepala Sekolah</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">SMA Negeri 1 Cianjur</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Cianjur</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Dengan hormat,</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> Berkenaan dengan perigatan hari Sumpah Pemuda ke-79 bulan Oktober 2010, OSIS SMA Negeri 2 Cianjur menyelenggarakan kegiatan lingua Festival 2010. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat memelihara semangat persatuan dan kesatuan serta sarana penggalian potensi siswa dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris melalui kompetesi yang sportif. Lingua festival sendiri merupakan acara tahunan yang diselenggarakansecara berkala oleh SMA Negeri 2 Cianjur dengan mengundang sekolah-sekolah unggulan di Cianjur.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> Untuk itu, kami mengundang siswa sekolah Bapak/Ibu pimpin untuk berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan tersebut. Kegiatan akan dilakukan mulai 21 Oktober hingga 28 Oktober 2010. Beberapa bentuk kegiatan yang telah dipersiapkan, antara lain lomba membaca berita TV, Mengedit teks berita, Koran dinding, membacakan penggalan novel, menulis cerpen, menulis dan membacakan puisi karya sendiri.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> Informasi yang lebih lengkap mengenai lomba dan pelaksanaannya silakan hubungi nomor 546 100803 dengan Amelia dan nomor telepon 579 9797 dengan Wiwik. Kami juga melampirkan satu berkas proposal lomba untuk bisa dipelajari.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> Besar harapan kami sekolah yang Bapak/Ibu pimpin dapat berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan ini. Atas perhatian dan kerja sama Bapak/Ibu, kami mengucapkan terima kasih.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; text-align: right;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Hormat kami,</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Ketua Pelaksana</span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Lingua Festival 2010</span><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Brush Script MT";"> </span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Brush Script MT";">Zaenuddin</span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Zaenuddin</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; margin-left: 360pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; margin-left: 360pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; margin-left: 360pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="color: blue; margin-left: 360pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div>Yetti Aneu's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15171009137849776587noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8916008186934526068.post-53134227442348493792011-04-21T22:42:00.000+07:002011-04-23T22:35:16.875+07:00Contoh Proposal<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%;">BAB 1</span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%;">Pendahuluan</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 150%;">1.1</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 150%;">Latar Belakang</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Hari Sumpah Pemuda, yang setiap tahun kita rayakan pada setiap tanggal 28 Oktober, adalah hari yang “keramat” bagi Bangsa Indonesia. Namun sayangnya, selama 32 tahun Orde Baru, peringatan hari yang amat penting ini, terasa sudah kehilangan “api”-nya atau jiwanya yang revolusioner. Padahal, sumpah pemuda adalah salah satu diantara berbagai landasan utama bagi kebangkitan nasional kita. Seperti halnya Hari Pahlawan 10 November, Pancasila, dan Bhineka Tunggal Ika, Sumpah Pemuda adalah pegangan penting bagi kita semua.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Dewasa ini, ketika Negara dan bangsa telah dilanda berbagai krisis di banyak bidang, adalah penting bagi kita semua untuk menyimak kembali apa makna sumpah pemuda.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> Revolusi global yang kini telah merambah keseluruhan lapisan elemen masyarakat, membuat mereka seakan ikut terhanyut ke</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">dalam sebuah peradaban baru yang membuat mereka melupakan cara hidup mereka yang terdahulu. Seringkali memang perubahan dipandang sangat diperlukan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Memang tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa suatu perubahan dapat membawa kita kedalam suatu pribadi yang selalu dituntut untuk tanggap terhadap segala sesuatu yang terjadi disekitarnya. Itulah manusia modern. Kata yang sudah lazim terdengar, sandangan yang dilimpahkan. </span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Padahal, tanpa disadari perubahan itu terkadang menjerumuskan diri kita ke</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">dalam pribadi yang negatif. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Remaja yang kini semakin terus kehilangan rasa nasionalismenya terhadap Negara ini, khususnya kesadaran atas makna dari SUMPAH PEMUDA, yang seharusnya terikrarkan dalam diri mereka. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Arus globalisasi memang terlalu deras sehingga membuat mereka terhanyut terlalu jauh, seharusnya di</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">usia mereka yang sekarang ini, mereka bisa tampil unggul, dapat berdiri kokoh diatas tumpuan kedua kakinya. Namun</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">k</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">risis moral yang kini tengah melanda kehidupan remaja, berbuah dari tertanamnya pergaulan yang terlampau bebas, akibat dari kecenderungan bergaul dengan produk-produk abad 21. Pernahkah kita sadari perubahan kedalam era serba canggih, membuat remaja menjadi seseorang yang cenderung individualis</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">?</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Menghadapi hal termaksud di atas, kami selaku siswa-siswi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> Pengurus OSIS SMA NEGERI 2 CIANJUR 2010-2011,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">mengadakan kegiatan “LINGUA FESTIVAL” tingkat SMA/Sederajat se-Kab. Cianjur.. Adapun tema kegiatan ini yaitu, “Bangkitkan Semangat Sumpah Pemuda Masa Kini Dalam Kreativitas, Kualitas, Moral, Budi Pekerti Luhur Remaja Untuk Masa Depan Bangsa”. Semoga ALLAH SWT meridhoi, sehingga apa yang kita cita –citakan tercapai, amien.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 150%;">1. 2.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 150%;">Landasan Pemikiran</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Landasan diadakannya kegiatan ini adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Program SMA Negeri 2 Cianjur</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Program OSIS Periode 2010-2011</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Keputusan rapat OSIS tanggal 15 September 2010</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 150%;">1. 3.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan Kegiatan</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Menciptakan siswa-siswi SMA yang memiliki semangat persatuan dan kesatuan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Menggali potensi siswa dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 150%;">1. 4.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 150%;">Hasil yang diharapkan</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Siswa dapat membaca berita ataupun puisi dengan baik </span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Siswa dapat membetulkan teks yang salah</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Siswa dapat mengembangkan imajinasinya melalui penulisan cerpen atau puisi</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Siswa dapat berkreatifitas melalui Koran dinding</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%;">Bab 2</span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%;">Teknik Pelaksanaan</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 150%;"> 2.1 Jenis - Jenis Lomba</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> 1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Lomba membaca berita</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> 2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Lomba mengedit teks berita</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> 3.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Lomba koran Dinding</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> 4.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Lomba membaca penggalan novel</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> 5.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Lomba menulis da membacakan puisi sendiri</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> 2.2 Peserta </span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> SMA Unggulan se-kabupaten Cianjur</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> 2.3 Juri</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> 1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Bpk. Dadi Sukardi M.Pd (Dosen Universitas Suryakancana Cianjur)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> 2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Nining Ratna S.Pd (Guru Bahasa SMA Negeri 2 Cianjur)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> 3.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Hj. Melia Rahayuni S.Pd (Guru Bahasa SMA Negeri 2 Cianjur)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> 4.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Erwin Rusmana M.Pd (Guru Bahasa SMA Negeri 2 Cianjur)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> 2.4 Nama dan Waktu kegiatan</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Nama kegiatan : “ Lingua Festival ” OSIS SMAN 2 Cianjur yang insya Allah akan dilaksanakan pada :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Tanggal : 21 – 28 Oktober 2010</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -29.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Waktu : Pukul 08.00 WIB s.d. selesai</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Tempat : Kampus SMAN 2 Cianjur</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> 2.5 Tema Kegiatan</span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">“Bangkitkan Semangat Sumpah Pemuda Masa Kini Dalam Kreativitas, Kualitas, Moral, Budi Pekerti Luhur Remaja Untuk Masa Depan Bangsa”.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%;">Bab 3 </span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%;">Penyelenggaraan</span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">3.1 Susunan Kepanitiaan</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">P</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">enanggung Jawab</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> :</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> <u>Guru Mata Pelajaran B.Indonesia</u></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Nining Ratna, S.Pd</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Ketua Umum</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> : Zenzen</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Wakil Ketua</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">: </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">K</span></u><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">etua</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> OSIS SMA N</span></u><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">egeri</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> 2 C</span></u><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">ianjur</span></u></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Widyatmoko</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 150%;">A.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 150%;">Panitia Pelaksana</span></u></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">K</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">etua Pelaksana</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> : Zaenuddin</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Se</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">kertaris</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> : </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Yetti Aneu</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> Mulia Citra</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Bend</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">ahara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> : Jerry Yanuar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 150%;">B.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 150%;">Se</span></u></b><b><u><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; line-height: 150%;">ksi-seksi</span></u></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">1)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Seksi Acara : Yanuar </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">2)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Seksi Peralatan : Firmansyah </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">3)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Seksi Keamanan : </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Moko</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">4)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Seksi Konsumsi : Agustina </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">5)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Seksi Humas : Citra </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">6)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Seksi Dekoras : Aneu </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">7)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Seksi Dokumentasi : Rosdiani</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 106.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">8)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Seksi PPPK : Widya</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Bab 4</span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Anggaran Kegiatan</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">4. 1 </span></u></b><b><u><span style="line-height: 150%;">Rencana Pemasukan</span></u></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Peserta</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">50 </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> x Rp 1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">0</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">.000,00</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Rp </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">500</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">.000,00</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Dana Sekolah</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Rp 1.500.000,00</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 352.7pt;" valign="top" width="470"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">JUMLAH</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">Rp </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;"> 2.000</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">.000,00</span></b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="3" style="border: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt;" valign="top" width="616"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 21pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 21pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">4.2 Rencana Pengeluaran</span></u></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 21pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 21pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">ADMINISTRASI</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Proposal</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> x Rp 15.000,00</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Rp </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">5.000,00</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Laporan Kegiatan</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> x Rp 15.000,00</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Rp </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">45</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">.000,00</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Surat – surat</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Rp 15.000,00</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Sertifikat Peserta</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">50</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> x Rp 5.000,00</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="line-height: 150%;">Rp </span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">250.000,00</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;"> </span></u></span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">+</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 352.7pt;" valign="top" width="470"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">JUMLAH</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">Rp </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">355</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">.000,00</span></b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan="3" style="border: medium none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt;" valign="top" width="616"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">PUBLIKASI DAN DOKUMENTASI</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dokumentasi</span></u></b></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Baterai </span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> 5 x Rp 9.000,00</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Rp 45.000,00</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Cuci cetak</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> 10 x Rp 2.500,00</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Rp 25.000,00</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Publikasi</span></u></b></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Spanduk</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Rp </span></u><u><span style="line-height: 150%;">8</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">0.000,00 +</span></u></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 352.7pt;" valign="top" width="470"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">JUMLAH</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Rp 150 </span></b><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">.000,00</span></b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td colspan="3" style="border: medium none; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt;" valign="top" width="616"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">KONSUMSI</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Konsumsi Peserta</span></u></b></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Katering</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">50</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> x Rp </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">5</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">.000,00</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Rp 750.000,00</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Konsumsi Juri</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> 4</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">x Rp </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">15.000,00</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Rp 60.000,00</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Konsumsi Panitia </span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">14</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> x Rp </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> 6.5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">00,00</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Rp </span></u><u><span style="line-height: 150%;"> 91.0</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">00,00+</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;"> </span></u></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 352.7pt;" valign="top" width="470"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Rp</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 150%;"> .</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;"> 901.</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">0</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">00,00</span></b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td colspan="3" style="border: medium none; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 462.1pt;" valign="top" width="616"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">PERALATAN</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Rp </span></b><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">10</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">0.000,00</span></b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">INSENTIF </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">JURI</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">4</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> X Rp </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">10</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">0.000,00</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">Rp 4</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">0</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">0.000,00</span></b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="border: medium none; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">REKAPITULASI</span></u></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border: medium none; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="border: medium none; height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Administrasi</span></div></td> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Rp </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">55.000,00</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Publikasi dan Dokumentasi</span></div></td> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Rp 150.000,00</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Konsumsi</span></div></td> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Rp</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> 901</span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">.0</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">00,00</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Peralatan</span></div></td> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Rp </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">1</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">00.000,00</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 218.05pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Insentif </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;"> Juri </span></div></td> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="line-height: 150%;">Rp 4</span></u><u><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">0</span></u><u><span style="line-height: 150%;">0.000,00 </span></u></span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">+</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 14.95pt;"> <td colspan="2" style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 352.7pt;" valign="top" width="470"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">JUMLAH</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="height: 14.95pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 109.4pt;" valign="top" width="146"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Rp 1.906</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 150%;">.000,00</span></b></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">BAB 5</span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Jadwal Kegiatan</span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Kamis, 21 Oktober 2010</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">08.00 - 09.00 Pembukaan Lingua Festival</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">09.00 - 11.00 Penampilan Drama</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">11.00 - 12.00 Istirahat </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">12.00 - 15.00 Pembacaan Puisi W.S Rendra </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">15.00 – 16.00 Istirahat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">16.00 – 18.00 Lanjutan Pembukaan Lingua Festival</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Jum’at, 22 Oktober 2010</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">08.00 – 09.45 Lomba Pembacaan Puisi Sendiri</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">09.45 – 10.15 Istirahat </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">10.15 – 12.00 Lanjutan Lomba Pembacaan Puisi Sendiri</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Sabtu, 23 Oktober 2010</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">08.00 – 09.45 Lomba Pembacaan Penggalan Novel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: 0.55pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">09.45 – 10.15 Istirahat </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">10.15 – 12.00 Lanjutan Lomba Pembacaan Penggalan Novel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Minggu, 24 Oktober 2010</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">08.00 – 09.45 Lomba Kreatif Hias Koran Dinding</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">09.45 – 10.15 Istirahat </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">10.15 – 12.00 Lanjutan Kreatif Hias Koran Dinding</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Senin, 25 Oktober 2010</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">08.00 – 09.45 Lomba Pengeditan Teks Berita</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">09.45 – 10.15 Istirahat </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">10.15 – 12.00 Lanjutan Lomba Pengeditan Teks Berita</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Selasa, 26 Oktober 2010</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">08.00 – 09.45 Lomba Pembacaan Berita </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">09.45 – 10.15 Istirahat </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">10.15 – 12.00 Lanjutan Lomba Pembacaan Berita</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Rabu, 27 Oktober 2010</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">08.00 – 09.45 Lomba Pembacaan Puisi Sendiri</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">09.45 – 10.15 Istirahat </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">10.15 – 12.00 Lanjutan Lomba Pembacaan Puisi Sendiri</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Kamis, 28 Oktober 2010</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">08.00 - 10.00 Persiapan Senja Anugerah</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">10.00 - 12.00 Penampilan Drama</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">12.00 - 13.00 Istirahat </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">13.00 - 15.00 Senja Anugerah</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">15.00 – 16.00 Istirahat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">16.00 – 18.00 Lanjutan Senja Anugerah dan Penutupan</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Bab 6</span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Penutup</span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Demikian proposal ini kami sampaikan, kami berharap semoga ac</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">ra ini mendapatkan kemudahan dari Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, dan dapat berjalan dengan lancar sesuai dengan apa yang menjadi tujuan kegiatan ini, sehingga dapat bermanfaat bagi kita semua. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: small;">Akhir kata, semoga Tuhan Yang Maha Esa senantiasa memberikan rahmat, perlindungan dan petunjuk-Nya kepada kita semua, Amin.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Panitia Pelaksana</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 5.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.1pt;"> <td style="height: 15.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 234.65pt;" valign="top" width="313"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ketua Pelaksana,</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="height: 15.1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 234.65pt;" valign="top" width="313"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sekretaris,</span></b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 46.15pt;"> <td style="height: 46.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 234.65pt;" valign="top" width="313"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div></td> <td style="height: 46.15pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 234.65pt;" valign="top" width="313"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 15.9pt;"> <td style="height: 15.9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 234.65pt;" valign="top" width="313"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Zaenuddin</span></u></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="height: 15.9pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 234.65pt;" valign="top" width="313"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Yetti Aneu</span></u></b></span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: small;">Menyetujui,</span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 5.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 233.7pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Guru Bahasa Indonesia</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 233.7pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ketua OSIS SMAN 2 Cianjur</span></b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 233.7pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 233.7pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 31pt;"> <td style="height: 31pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 233.7pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nining Ratna S.Pd</span></u></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div></td> <td style="height: 31pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 233.7pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Widyatmoko</span></u></b></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 150%;">Mengetahui,</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">Kepala SMAN 2 Cianjur</span></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Barnas Sastraputra M.Pd</span></u></b></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div>Yetti Aneu's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15171009137849776587noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8916008186934526068.post-39805794738202680602011-04-21T22:36:00.000+07:002011-04-23T22:38:34.027+07:00Kandungan Dalam Rokok<div style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Californian FB","serif";">A.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Californian FB","serif";">Kandungan yang terdapat di dalam rokok</span></b></span></div><div class="Section1" style="color: #660000;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Secara keseluruhan rokok adalah campuran senyawa kompleks yang dihasilkan oleh pembakaran tembakau dan adiktif. Terlepas dari stimulan nikotin biasa, asap rokok juga mengandung tar yang terdiri dari lebih dari 4000 bahan kimia termasuk sekitar 60 bahan kimia karsinogenik yang berbahaya. Hampir semua jenis zat tersebut mematikan. Zat-zat inilah yang menyebabkan penyakit paru-paru, jantung, emphysema dan penyakit berbahaya lainnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">1.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Nikotin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Nikotin adalah bahan alkaloid toksik yang merupakan senyawa amin tersier, bersifat basa lemah dengan pH 8,0. Asap rokok pada umumnya bersifat asam (pH 5,5). Pada pH ini nikotin berada dalam bentuk ion dan tidak dapat melewati membran secara cepat sehingga di mukosa pipi hanya terjadi sedikit absorpsi nikotin dari asap rokok. Pada perokok yang menggunakan pipa, cerutu dan berbagai macam sigaret Eropa, asap rokok bersifat basa dengan pH 8,5 dan nikotin pada umumnya tidak dalam bentuk ion dan dapat diabsorpsi dengan baik melalui mulut. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Nikotin adalah komponen adiktif tembakau. Hal ini diserap ke dalam darah dan mempengaruhi otak dalam waktu 10 detik. Hal ini menyebabkan perokok untuk merasa relax karena neurotransmitter. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Nikotin dalam jumlah kecil mempunyai pengaruh menenangkan, tetapi dapat menyebabkan radang saluran pernafasan. Dalam jumlah yang besar nikotin sangat berbahaya; 20-50 mg nikoton dapat menyebabkan pernafasan terhenti. Bagi perokok pasif , menghisap 1-2 mg nikotin sudah menyebabkan pusing, sakit kepala, mual dan muntah, berkeringat, serta terasa sakit pada daerah lambung.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Nikotin dapat menaikkan tekanan darah dan mempercepat denyut jantung, sehingga kerja jantung lebih berat. Nikotin juga berpengaruh terhadap pembuluh darah yakni merusak endotel pembuluh darah dan terhadap trombosit dengan meningkatkan agregasi trombosit. Nikotin diduga sebagai penyebab ketagihan merokok,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"> perokok merasa lebih buruk jika mereka tidak merokok. Ini yang memperkuat keinginan untuk merokok lagi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">. Nikotin juga mengganggu kerja saraf, otak, dan banyak bagian tubuh lainnya. Nikotin juga dapat mengaktifkan trombosit sehingga terjadi adhesi (penempelan) trombosit ke dalam pembuluh darah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">2.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Karbon Monoksida (CO)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">arbon monoksida adalah bahan kimia beracun dit</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">emukan dalam asap buangan mobil. Satu rokok yang dibakar mengandung 3-6% CO. Daya afinitas Hb (Hemoglobin) darah terhadap karbon monoksida lebih kuat dibandingkan terhadap oksigen , akibatnya oksigen tersingkir dan persediaan opksigen untuk jaringan tubuh menurun. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Karena tubuh kurang oksigen membuat jantung mengalami penebalan dan bekerja lebih keras memompa darah. Inilah penyebab utama seorang perokok bisa mengalami serangan jantung secara mendadak.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"> Efek selanjutnya adalah pembuluh darah akan menyempit dan mengeras sehingga mengakibatkan penyumbatan pembuluh darah. CO juga dapat mempercepat aterosklerosis (pengapuran/penebalan dinding pembuluh darah) dan membuat darah mengental dan mudah menggumpal. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">3.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Tar </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"> Tar sebagai getah tembakau adalah zat berwarna coklat berisi berbagai jenis hidrokarbon aromatik polisiklik, amin aromatik, dan N-nitrosamine. Tar bersifat karsinogen (penyebab kanker). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Tar itu sendiri mengandung banyak bahan beracun ke dalam tubuh. Ini adalah substansi, tebal lengket, dan ketika menghirup tar maka akan melekat pada rambut-rambut kecil di paru-paru. Organ ini melindungi paru-paru dari kotoran dan infeksi, tapi ketika tertutup tar organ ini tidak dapat melakukan fungsinya. Tar juga melapisi dinding sistem respirasi secara keseluruhan, mempersempit tabung yang transportasi udara (yang bronchioles) dan mengurangi elastisitas paru-paru. Yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan kanker paru-paru dan penyakit pernafasan kronis. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Tar yang dihasilkan asap rokok akan menimbulkan iritasi pada saluran napas, menyebabkan bronchitis, kanker nasofaring, dan kanker paru</span></div></div><div class="Section2" style="color: #660000;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">4.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Sianida</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Sianida adalah senyawa kimia yang mengandung kelompok cyano.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">5.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Benzene</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Benzene juga dikenal sebagai bensol merupakan senyawa kimia organik yang mudah terbakar dan cairan tidak berwarna.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">6.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Kadmium (Cd)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Kadmium sebuah logam yang sangat beracun dan radioaktif yang ditemukan baterai.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">7.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Metanol (Alkohol Kayu)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Metanol (alkohol kayu) adalah alkohol yang paling sederhana yang juga dikenal sebagai metil alkohol.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">8.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Asetilena</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Asetilena (bahan bakar yang digunakan dalam obor las) merupakan senyawa kimia tak jenuh yang juga merupakan hidrokarbon alkuna yang paling sederhana.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">9.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Amonia</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Amonia ditemukan di mana-mana di lingkungan tetapi sangat beracun dalam kombinasi dengan unsur-unsur tertentu.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">10.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Formaldehida</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"> Formaldehida cairan yang sangat beracun yang digunakan untuk mengawetkan mayat.<br />
</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">11.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Hidrogen Sianida</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"> Hidrogen sianida adalah racun yang digunakan sebagai fumigan untuk membunuh semut. Zat ini juga digunakan sebagai zat pembuat plastik dan pestisida. HCN juga merupakan racun yang digunakan untuk hukuman mati.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">12.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Arsenik</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"> Arsenik adalah bahan yang terdapat dalam racun tikus.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">13.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Fenol & Amoniak (NH<sub>3)</sub></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Fenol merupakan bahan pembersih lantai.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">14.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"> m- Toluidin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">m-Toluidin merupakan bahan pembuat cat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">15.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Polonium</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Bahan bakar radio aktif</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">16.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Aseton (CH<sub>3</sub> CCOCH<sub>3</sub>)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Bahan yang digunakan sebagai penghapus cat kuku</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">17.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Butan (C<sub>4</sub> H<sub>10</sub>)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Bahan bakar korek</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">18.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Naftliamin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Bahan pembuat cat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: auto;" /> </span> </div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #660000; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif";">2. Hubungan antara Rokok dengan Kesehatan Paru-paru</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #660000; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif";">Bahaya merokok bagi kesehatan</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"> sudah banyak diteliti dan dibuktikan. Efek merugikan dari rokok ini memang tidak secara langsung dirasakan, pelan tapi pasti bahaya mengancam tubuh perokok jika kebiasaan buruknya tidak segera dihentikan. Merokok dapat menyebabkan perubahan struktur dan fungsi saluran pernapasan dan jaringan paru-paru. Akibat perubahan anatomi saluran pernapasan tersebut, pada perokok akan timbul perubahan fungsi paru-paru. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #660000; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Merokok juga merupakan penyebab timbulnya penyakit obstruksi paru menahun, termasuk emfisema (pembengkakan paru-paru), bronkitis kronis dan asma. Merokok menjadi pemicu utama penyebab penyakit kanker paru-paru. Hubungan tersebut telah diteliti dan akhirnya secara tegas memang bahwa rokok sebagai penyebab utama kanker paru-paru. Dibandingkan dengan bukan seorang perokok, kemungkinan timbulnya kanker paru-paru pada perokok mencapai 10-30 kali lipat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #660000; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Menurut penelitian yang dilaporkan oleh <i>United State Surgeon General</i>, Amerika, ada 10 tipe kanker yang disebabkan oleh rokok. Selain itu disebutkan juga bahwa pria perokok akan meninggal 13,2 tahun lebih muda dibandingkan yang bukan perokok sedangkan wanita perokok meninggal 14,5 tahun lebih muda. Merokok dapat menyebabkan kanker mulut, pita suara, dan esofagus. Wanita perokok memiliki kemungkinan 13 kali lebih tinggi kena kanker paru paru dibanding yang tidak merokok. Sedangkan pria perokok 23 kali lebih tinggi terkena kanker paru paru dibanding yang tidak merokok. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: #660000; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Kanker paru-paru menyebabkan hilangnya 3.000 nyawa per-hari di dunia, 90% berhubungan dengan rokok. Merokok juga terkait dengan 18 tipe kanker. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; text-decoration: none;">Penderitanya bukan hanya orang yang secara aktif merokok, tapi juga orang-orang di sekitar perokok</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Kebiasaan merokok akan memepercepat penurunan faal paru. Penurunan volume ekspirasi paksa detik 1 (VEP 1), pertahun adalah 28,7 ml, 38,4 ml dari 41,7 ml masing-masing untuk nonperokok, bekas perokok dan perokok aktif.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #660000; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif";">3. Akibat Rokok Terhadap Paru-paru</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: #660000; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Rokok memberikan dampak negative bagi paru-paru, diantaranya rokok menjadi penyebab utama kanker paru-paru, emfisema, dan juga asifikasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #660000; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">a. <span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Kanker Paru-paru</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #660000; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Kanker paru-paru menyebabkan paru-paru rusak dan tidak berfungsi lagi. Pemicu utama terjadinya kanker paru-paru adalaj polusi asap rokok yang mengandung hidrokarbon termasuk benzopiren.Kanker paru-paru juga disebabkan oleh Tar yang juga terkandung di dalam rokok. K</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">etika menghirup tar maka akan melekat pada rambut-rambut kecil di paru-paru. Organ ini melindungi paru-paru dari kotoran dan infeksi, tapi ketika tertutup tar organ ini tidak dapat melakukan fungsinya. Tar juga melapisi dinding sistem respirasi secara keseluruhan, mempersempit tabung yang transportasi udara (yang bronchioles) dan mengurangi elastisitas paru-paru. Yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan kanker paru-paru dan penyakit pernafasan kronis. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #660000; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Wanita perokok memiliki kemungkinan 13 kali lebih tinggi kena kanker paru paru dibanding yang tidak merokok. Sedangkan pria perokok 23 kali lebih tinggi terkena kanker paru paru dibanding yang tidak merokok.<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">b. Emfisema</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #660000; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Penyakit paru-paru degenerative ini terjadi karena jaringan paru-paru kehilangan elastis dan kerusakan dinding diantara alveoli. Pada emfisema stadium lanjut, inspirasi dan ekspirasi terganggu dan beban pernafasan meningkat sehinggga timbul komplikasi seperti hipertensi pulmonal atau pembesaran jantung yang diikuti gagal jantung. Emfisema umumnya disebabkan oleh kebiasaan merokok, polusi asap rook dan polusi udara.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: #660000; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">c. Asifikasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: #660000; line-height: normal; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Goudy Old Style","serif"; font-size: small;">Asifikasi adalah gangguan pengangkutan oksigen ke sel-sel tubuh / jaringan tubuh. Hal ini disebabkan karena keracunan gas-gas CN (sianida) dan atau CO (karbon monoksida) yang terkandung di dalam rokok. Keracunan gas-gas ini mengganggu proses pengikatan O<sub>2</sub> oleh darah karena CO dan CN memiliki daya ikat jauh lebih tinggi terhadap hemoglobin daripada daya ikat hemoglobin terhadap O<sub>2</sub>. Jika 70-80% hemoglobin dalam darah mengikat CO dan membentuk HbCO maka dapat menyebabkan kematian. </span></div>Yetti Aneu's bloghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15171009137849776587noreply@blogger.com1